Iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy in Georgia; modern approaches to treatment and prevention

Abstract

Introduction: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a major global health issue affecting pregnant women, particularly in developing countries, including Georgia. According to statistical data, 20–39% of pregnant women in Georgia suffer from IDA, a rate significantly higher than that reported in many European countries. Although the country has implemented national programs—such as free iron supplementation and relevant clinical protocols—the prevalence of IDA remains high. This ongoing challenge is largely due to the low level of awareness among pregnant women, limited informational support, and insufficient involvement of the primary healthcare system. Objective: This study aims to analyze the contributing factors to IDA prevalence, as well as the modern approaches to its diagnosis and treatment in Georgia. Methodology: The paper is based on a multi-source narrative review, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative studies conducted in Georgia and internationally. Data were sourced from the World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), and Georgia’s National Center for Disease Control (NCDC). Results: The high prevalence of IDA among pregnant women is driven by multifactorial causes. Key contributing factors include low socioeconomic status, short intervals between pregnancies, multiple gestations, limited education, and a skeptical attitude toward iron supplementation. A particularly critical issue is the lack of routine ferritin level screening, which hinders early diagnosis of iron deficiency. Discussion: Despite the existence of national programs, IDA continues to pose a significant challenge to Georgia’s healthcare system, suggesting a need to reassess the effectiveness of current strategies. Evidence indicates the necessity of promoting early diagnosis of iron deficiency in clinical practice, enhancing public awareness campaigns, standardizing counseling procedures, and ensuring consistent involvement of family physicians. National food and nutrition policies, along with postpartum preventive strategies, also play a vital role. Conclusion: Improving the prevention and management of iron deficiency anemia in Georgia requires a comprehensive, evidence-based, and patient-centered approach. This entails the development of medical, educational, and social strategies that will contribute to long-term improvements in maternal and neonatal health outcomes.